{"id":5666,"date":"2018-07-13T06:01:56","date_gmt":"2018-07-13T04:01:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sigterritoires.fr\/?p=5666"},"modified":"2018-10-17T13:00:49","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T11:00:49","slug":"tutorial-create-an-aptitude-map-with-arcmap-with-and-without-fuzzy-criteria-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sigterritoires.fr\/index.php\/en\/tutorial-create-an-aptitude-map-with-arcmap-with-and-without-fuzzy-criteria-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Tutorial: create an aptitude map with ArcMap, with and without fuzzy criteria (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

An\u00a0aptitude\u00a0map\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0answer\u00a0to the question:\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0Where<\/em>\u00a0is<\/em>\u00a0the<\/em>\u00a0best<\/em>\u00a0location for<\/em>\u00a0a<\/em>\u00a0new<\/em>\u00a0resource?<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0The\u00a0result\u00a0you\u00a0looking\u00a0is\u00a0a\u00a0map\u00a0representing\u00a0all\u00a0the possible sites\u00a0(ranked\u00a0from the most\u00a0to\u00a0the least\u00a0likely) that\u00a0would be suitable\u00a0for\u00a0the installation\u00a0a\u00a0new\u00a0resource.\u00a0This\u00a0map\u00a0is\u00a0a\u00a0classified aptitude\u00a0map\u00a0since it\u00a0depicts\u00a0a\u00a0relative in the map,\u00a0taking\u00a0into\u00a0consideration\u00a0the\u00a0criteria\u00a0you\u00a0enter in\u00a0in\u00a0your\u00a0study.<\/p>\n

We will follow the ArcGIS Spatial Analyst tutorial<\/p>\n

http:\/\/help.arcgis.com\/fr\/arcgisdesktop\/10.0\/pdf\/tutorial_spatial_analyst.pdf<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

in parallel with<\/p>\n

http:\/\/help.arcgis.com\/en\/arcgisdesktop\/10.0\/help\/index.html#\/\/00nt00000002000000<\/a>\u00a0):\u00a0using the conventional tools based on the Boolean logic, and using the tools based on fuzzy criteria (fuzzy numbers). Therefore we can appreciate that what these tools, actually, bring along, and how this approach differs from the classic process.<\/p>\n

Tutorial<\/strong>\u00a0data<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The\u00a0required\u00a0data appears on the ArcGIS Desktop CD.\u00a0After\u00a0having\u00a0executed\u00a0the ArcGIS installation\u00a0in\u00a0the additional installation Components\u00a0dialog\u00a0box,\u00a0activate\u00a0the option\u00a0ArcGIS Installation\u00a0data tutorial.\u00a0In\u00a0the Setup\u00a0wizard\u00a0ArcGIS data\u00a0tutorials,\u00a0activate\u00a0the option\u00a0installation\u00a0of\u00a0Spatial Analyst\u00a0data\u00a0(the\u00a0path\u00a0access\u00a0default\u00a0installation\u00a0is\u00a0C: \\ arcgis \\ ArcTutor \\ SpatialAnalyst). To\u00a0follow\u00a0this\u00a0example\u00a0you will need\u00a0a\u00a0Spatial Analyst license.<\/p>\n

These\u00a0data,\u00a0mostly\u00a0raster,\u00a0allow\u00a0fulfilling the\u00a0exercise\u00a0following\u00a0the\u00a0classic approach\u00a0(Boolean).\u00a0The\u00a0tools\u00a0we\u00a0introduce\u00a0work\u00a0on\u00a0vector\u00a0layers.\u00a0Therefore it is necessary to vectorise\u00a0the raster layers to\u00a0follow\u00a0the\u00a0approach\u00a0based\u00a0on\u00a0fuzzy criteria\u00a0(\u00a0fuzzy numbers\u00a0).\u00a0Using this approach,\u00a0you\u00a0do\u00a0not\u00a0need\u00a0a Spatial Analyst license\u00a0but\u00a0you need\u00a0to have\u00a0 three\u00a0logical\u00a0tools<\/a>\u00a0fuzzy<\/a>\u00a0 installed.<\/p>\n

To avoid the vectorisation task, we put at your disposal the<\/a>\u00a0necessary\u00a0data for\u00a0this<\/a>\u00a0exercise<\/a>\u00a0here\u00a0.<\/a><\/p>\n

ESRI<\/strong>\u00a0tutorial scenario<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The\u00a0city\u00a0of Stowe, Vermont, USA, has\u00a0known\u00a0a\u00a0substantial\u00a0population increase.\u00a0The\u00a0demographic\u00a0data suggest\u00a0that\u00a0this\u00a0increase\u00a0is\u00a0related\u00a0to\u00a0families\u00a0with\u00a0children\u00a0who\u00a0move\u00a0to\u00a0the region,\u00a0enjoying\u00a0the\u00a0many\u00a0leisure\u00a0centres\u00a0located\u00a0in\u00a0the surroundings. \u00a0It has\u00a0been\u00a0decided\u00a0that a\u00a0new\u00a0school\u00a0must\u00a0be\u00a0created\u00a0to\u00a0relieve\u00a0existing schools\u00a0and, as urbanist, you\u00a0have\u00a0been asked to search for\u00a0a\u00a0potential\u00a0site.<\/p>\n

Problem breakdown<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Once the problem has been stated, we\u00a0split the problem\u00a0to\u00a0identify the necessary steps\u00a0to\u00a0solve it.\u00a0These\u00a0steps\u00a0correspond to the\u00a0objectives\u00a0to be\u00a0achieved.
\nWhen\u00a0we\u00a0define\u00a0the\u00a0objectives, we\u00a0have to\u00a0ponder how we\u00a0will\u00a0evaluate\u00a0them.\u00a0How\u00a0is it going to be\u00a0evaluated\u00a0the\u00a0best\u00a0area for the\u00a0new\u00a0establishment\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0?\u00a0In\u00a0this\u00a0example\u00a0of\u00a0site\u00a0search\u00a0it\u00a0is better\u00a0to\u00a0locate it\u00a0near\u00a0recreational installations,\u00a0because\u00a0most\u00a0families that have\u00a0moved\u00a0to\u00a0the agglomeration\u00a0have\u00a0young\u00a0children\u00a0who\u00a0wish\u00a0to have\u00a0recreational\u00a0activities.\u00a0Besides it is\u00a0important to be\u00a0away\u00a0from\u00a0schools\u00a0already\u00a0present\u00a0in\u00a0order\u00a0to\u00a0spread them\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0whole\u00a0city.\u00a0The establishment\u00a0must\u00a0be\u00a0built\u00a0on\u00a0appropriate\u00a0land, relatively\u00a0flat. Other\u00a0goals\u00a0to\u00a0be included\u00a0in such a research could be: \u00a0a\u00a0fairly large\u00a0area\u00a0adequate for\u00a0the school\u00a0and its grounds,\u00a0or\u00a0an area with the highest\u00a0density\u00a0of children\u00a0of a given age,\u00a0but\u00a0this\u00a0model\u00a0is\u00a0simplified for\u00a0the example.
\nTo\u00a0achieve\u00a0these\u00a0goals, we\u00a0must identify the\u00a0following\u00a0information:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Where are the locations \u00a0whose\u00a0terrain\u00a0is\u00a0relatively\u00a0flat\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0?<\/li>\n
  • Is land use \u00a0\u00a0in\u00a0these\u00a0locations adequate?<\/li>\n
  • Are\u00a0these\u00a0locations\u00a0relatively close to the recreational \u00a0installations?<\/li>\n
  • Are they far enough\u00a0from the existing\u00a0schools?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Where are the locations>whose terrain is relatively flat ?<\/h3>\n

    To\u00a0find\u00a0the areas\u00a0whose\u00a0land\u00a0is\u00a0relatively\u00a0flat,\u00a0you\u00a0must\u00a0create\u00a0a\u00a0map that\u00a0shows\u00a0the\u00a0slope\u00a0of the land.\u00a0At this point,\u00a0the\u00a0process\u00a0model\u00a0deals with the\u00a0calculation\u00a0of the\u00a0slope\u00a0of the ground.\u00a0Based on the Altitude\u00a0layer,\u00a0the tool\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Slope<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0of the Spatial Analyst toolbox,\u00a0allows to\u00a0calculate\u00a0the\u00a0slope\u00a0for\u00a0each\u00a0raster cell.\u00a0We\u00a0have\u00a0vectorised\u00a0this\u00a0result, with\u00a0the tool\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Conversion-\u00a0Tools>\u00a0From Raster -> Raster<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0to<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0polygon<\/em><\/strong>.\u00a0You will find\u00a0this\u00a0layer\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0exercise\u00a0data\u00a0with the name\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0SlopePolys<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Is Land\u00a0use<\/strong>\u00a0in these locations adequate?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    You\u00a0must\u00a0determine\u00a0the\u00a0characteristics\u00a0of a\u00a0usage\u00a0type\u00a0of\u00a0suitable\u00a0ground\u00a0on\u00a0which\u00a0to build\u00a0school.\u00a0This\u00a0process\u00a0is\u00a0subjective\u00a0and\u00a0a function\u00a0of\u00a0your\u00a0problem.\u00a0At this point, the\u00a0arable land\u00a0is\u00a0considered\u00a0as\u00a0the\u00a0less expensive\u00a0building lots\u00a0and, therefore,\u00a0privileged.\u00a0These are followed by the infertile lands,\u00a0then\u00a0shrub\u00a0areas,\u00a0forests,\u00a0and previously\u00a0built\u00a0areas.\u00a0No\u00a0process\u00a0model\u00a0is involved\u00a0here,\u00a0only\u00a0the identification\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0data\u00a0set\u00a0input\u00a0ground\u00a0and\u00a0determining\u00a0the\u00a0type\u00a0of use\u00a0the most\u00a0suitable\u00a0soil.\u00a0The\u00a0land use data\u00a0have\u00a0been\u00a0vectorised\u00a0with the\u00a0same\u00a0command\u00a0(\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Conversion-\u00a0Tools>\u00a0From Raster -> Raster<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0To<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0polygon<\/em><\/strong>).\u00a0You\u00a0find\u00a0the\u00a0result\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0layer\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0OccupationSolPolys<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Are<\/strong>\u00a0these<\/strong>\u00a0locations<\/strong>\u00a0close<\/strong> enough<\/strong>\u00a0to recreational installations<\/strong>?<\/h3>\n

    You\u00a0reckon\u00a0it\u00a0is\u00a0better\u00a0to\u00a0build\u00a0the\u00a0school\u00a0near the recreational activities installational\u00a0.\u00a0Therefore you must\u00a0create\u00a0a\u00a0map that\u00a0displays\u00a0the distances between\u00a0these\u00a0facilities to\u00a0locate,\u00a0eventually, the\u00a0school\u00a0in\u00a0the surrounding\u00a0areas\u00a0.\u00a0Here,\u00a0the\u00a0process\u00a0model\u00a0involves\u00a0calculating\u00a0distances\u00a0for the\u00a0recreational\u00a0facilities.\u00a0To\u00a0calculate\u00a0distances\u00a0in\u00a0a straight line\u00a0(Euclidean\u00a0distance) we\u00a0use\u00a0the tool\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Spatial Analyst -> Distance -><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Euclidean<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0distance<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0then\u00a0we\u00a0vector\u00a0the\u00a0result\u00a0to\u00a0obtain\u00a0the\u00a0layer\u00a0DistanceRecre.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Are they<\/strong>\u00a0far<\/strong> enough<\/strong>\u00a0away<\/strong>\u00a0from<\/strong>\u00a0the<\/strong> existing <\/strong>schools<\/strong>\u00a0?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    It is better to\u00a0locate the\u00a0school\u00a0away\u00a0from\u00a0institutions\u00a0already\u00a0present, to\u00a0avoid\u00a0encroaching\u00a0on\u00a0their\u00a0capture\u00a0areas.\u00a0Therefore you\u00a0must\u00a0create\u00a0a\u00a0map\u00a0showing\u00a0the distance to\u00a0existing schools. At this point,\u00a0the process\u00a0model\u00a0calculates\u00a0the distance to\u00a0existing schools.\u00a0To\u00a0calculate\u00a0distances\u00a0in\u00a0straight\u00a0right\u00a0(\u00a0Euclidean\u00a0distance\u00a0) we\u00a0use\u00a0the tool\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Spatial Analyst -> Distance ->Euclidean<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0distance<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0,\u00a0then\u00a0we\u00a0vector\u00a0the\u00a0result\u00a0to\u00a0obtain\u00a0the\u00a0layer\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0DistanceSchools<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

    To\u00a0start\u00a0the production of the\u00a0aptitude\u00a0card\u00a0according to the classical\u00a0procedure\u00a0tutorial\u00a0of Spatial Analyst tutorial you\u00a0should\u00a0have\u00a0the\u00a0following\u00a0configuration:<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    The starting\u00a0configuration\u00a0for the\u00a0Spatial Analyst\u00a0tutorial<\/p>\n

    to\u00a0start\u00a0the production of the\u00a0aptitude\u00a0map according to\u00a0the\u00a0procedure\u00a0based\u00a0on\u00a0fuzzy logic,\u00a0 you\u00a0should\u00a0have\u00a0the\u00a0following\u00a0configuration\u00a0:<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Starting\u00a0configuration\u00a0for the\u00a0\u00a0Logic\u00a0fuzzy tutorial<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    An\u00a0aptitude\u00a0map\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0answer\u00a0to the question:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Where\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0best\u00a0location for\u00a0a\u00a0new\u00a0resource?\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The\u00a0result\u00a0you\u00a0looking\u00a0is\u00a0a\u00a0map\u00a0representing\u00a0all\u00a0the possible sites\u00a0(ranked\u00a0from the most\u00a0to\u00a0the least\u00a0likely) that\u00a0would be suitable\u00a0for\u00a0the installation\u00a0a\u00a0new\u00a0resource.\u00a0This\u00a0map\u00a0is\u00a0a\u00a0classified aptitude\u00a0map\u00a0since it\u00a0depicts\u00a0a\u00a0relative in the map,\u00a0taking\u00a0into\u00a0consideration\u00a0the\u00a0criteria\u00a0you\u00a0enter in\u00a0in\u00a0your\u00a0study. We will follow the ArcGIS Spatial Analyst tutorial http:\/\/help.arcgis.com\/fr\/arcgisdesktop\/10.0\/pdf\/tutorial_spatial_analyst.pdf\u00a0\u00a0 in parallel with http:\/\/help.arcgis.com\/en\/arcgisdesktop\/10.0\/help\/index.html#\/\/00nt00000002000000\u00a0):\u00a0using the conventional tools based…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1260],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe-en"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6XU0A-1to","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sigterritoires.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sigterritoires.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sigterritoires.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sigterritoires.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sigterritoires.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5666"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sigterritoires.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5666\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sigterritoires.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sigterritoires.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sigterritoires.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}